The Concepts and, Myths of the Modern World Essay

The Concepts and, Myths of the Modern World - Essay Example The adherents were called Rationalists. The Utopians endeavor to expel from memory the dim battle against feudalism in quest for progressive standards, and another class of the modern everyday person is brought about by the utilization of the illuminated sciences. The ideas of Degeneration and Regeneration work based on an accepted common comprehension of request and tumult, capacity and glitch, the ordinary and the neurotic. It is firmly related to the moral domain of standards and qualities. The solid, spatial offense of limits (between the house, the nursery, the road, the nation and the city, just as among internal and space) found in the abovementioned, regularly represents an offense of traditional sexual orientation standards. (Buchholz et al, 2002). An inside and out comprehension of the above can, it is contended, lead to shirking of the shortages or discomfort (this appears to be so typical in the tragic plan), of the cutting edge world. In antiquated civic establishments like the Mesopotamian, the 'juridico-verbose' power is totally on account of a 'sovereign position who practiced outright authority over the populace through the danger or open showcase of brutality' (Foucault, 1978). Bentham's idea of 'Panoticon' or the 'Review House' represents this authority moved to structures in (particularly built in round structures) wherein individuals were to be held under Surveillance or examination. This is, especially pertinent to Prison Houses, Prisons, Hospitals, Schools, Industrial Houses, Poor-houses, Lazarettos and Mad-houses (Bentham, 1787). Observation, turns into a significant instrument of the state is at the same time, a kind of mapping of forms, geologies, lastly individuals as well. Present day states additionally utilized such topical mapping advances, a remarkable one, being the cadastral guide, which record land proprietorship and asset qualities (Goss, Jon. 1995). Consistent observation which, when disgui sed, as in training the body, grabs hold of the brain too to actuate a mental condition of 'cognizant and perpetual perceivability (Foucault 1977). It at that point turns into a disciplinary force that is utilized straightforwardly on the body, and aggregately, to control social gatherings. Foucault discusses the organized methods of knowing and practicing this force, in regard of Body, Power and the Sexuality; Subjectivity, character and obstruction; and Freedom, force and Politics.( Armstrong,2005). Speed: Relationship between new advancements, spaces and new personalities. Speed is contrarily corresponding to the time inside which a work is finished. It is something that man, by cognizant reorganization of his methods, increasingly cognizant that ever of himself and his time throughout everyday life, (Kudera, 1996) has acquired with the specialized unrest. This upheaval is obvious in the wild computerization of some consistently forms. Asger Jorn(1958), clarifies the procedure of robotization as something that dynamic and, includes more than it replaces or stifles. The innovation of the bi-cycle, can be said as the initial step. Consistent act of spontaneity lead to quick industrialization (large scale manufacturing), the off-shoot of which is the railroad framework. The interest for Speed not just lead to

Product Market Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Item Market Development - Essay Example Benefits for the most part keep on expanding for the duration of the existence cycle brought about by industry ability, economies of scale giving degree to lessen unit costs after some time. At development stage the qualities are extraordinary. After all the market practices having been done item is perceived by the shoppers and requested at a quick speed bringing about decrease in cost. Economies of scale are accomplished at this point. Deals volume builds calm high at this stage. At the point when cost is decreased because of economies of scale and deals incomes expands the benefit increments as well. Request factors staying higher the business will in general increment item costs higher. When the item is very much acknowledged and turns into a most loved buyer follows through on the cost requested by the vender. The item secures a quality picture in the psyches of customers and they feel to appreciate a shopper's excess even at more significant expense. Straightforward limited time endeavors and publicizing help buyers to hold the item as a primary concern that advance the item selling without any problem. The opposition continuously gets mindful of the item and its i ncome yielding limit. They begin wandering into the business to get a piece of the overall industry and acquire benefits. The expansion in rivalry applies pressure in the market in this way lessening the market costs. The item slowly goes into development stage. Development stage: the business gets a great deal of involvement with the development stage. Creation volume increments exceptionally high. Numerous rivalries enter in to the market field and put push on the item costs and market outlets. The market step by step gets soaked. Additional endeavors are utilized to hold the business volume. Costs to bring down in view of such a large number of items battling for a similar market size. Piece of the overall industry drops that makes pressure on the whole business. Additional promoting endeavors, brand separation and item broadening with new highlights must be acquainted costing more with the organization. Benefit volume will in general lower. Organization and its business being old welcome requests for higher wages and reward from laborers that put focus on the productivity of the business. Decrease underway prompting conclusion of certain divisions denies the organization of the advantages of economies of scale. Generally speaking gainful ness is down and makes the business impractical. In course of the development stage juvenile stage comes which is portrayed with high development and deals volume joined by increment in execution and item fluctuation. The item is set in the star corners of the BCG framework with high developing deals income with hostile item costs. The item is amazing to be hostile and embraces forceful valuing so as to make a premium setting in the market to make clients see it as an unrivaled item that can not be coordinated by the opposition. Market development is joined by advertise discontinuity. This thus causes rivalry. Be that as it may, rivalry in showcase development isn't less extreme contrasted with the power in advertise development. In the development stage, pretty much every association stays in benefits as a result of the developing and more prominent interest, though in development, associations need to battle for

Graduate School Application I Dont Have a Job Yet! What Do I Do

Dear Engineering Students of the Class of 2015†¦ Here you are. Tottering on the cliff-edge of the â€Å"real world.† All that’s left is one more year of classes, professors, and those pesky problem sets that seem to take hours longer than they should (Thermodynamics†¦need I say more?). Most people at this point kick back, relax and enjoy the new opportunities that that big two-one on their ID brings them. It’s easy to push away feelings of anxiety about the gaping unknown that waits for you once you’ve crossed that stage and received that piece of paper you’ve worked so hard for. If you’re one of the few lucky ones who have entered this final year of undergrad with a fulltime job offer, you can probably stop reading this now. However, if you are in the vast majority of seniors with no set plans after graduation, read on to discover how to make your senior year work best for you long-term. First, think about what path you would like to follow after graduation. One of the best pieces of advice my father gave me was to pursue an engineering major because you can do essentially anything with it. Well, great advice for entering college, but now it leads to a tough decision. You can do essentially anything with your major – great! But what do you want to do with it? Even a simple option of a full-time job becomes complicated as you consider which track to go down: design engineer, research and development, management, private industry, government, and the list goes on. If you pursue further education, you must choose between a Masters, Ph.D., or even law school, medical school or an MBA program. Whew. If you’re starting to feel a pit in your stomach†¦that’s a good sign. Think about what you want to do and write down a list. Have people told you that you have good people skills? Do you enjoy being the group leader in your class project groups? Maybe you should consider either a management track or an MBA program. More useful than thinking about what you would enjoy doing, consider what you would not enjoy doing. Talk to your advisors and mentors – many professors have experience in both industry and academics and can give good insight as to the lifestyle of each. Your university’s career center will be able to work with you to create a list of opportunities that your degree will offer you. Then cross items off the list that you are not interested in pursuing. It’s okay if you have several options you’re considering – but make sure you narrow it down far enough so you’re not spread too thin with applications and test preparation. The second step is to create an action plan for each path left on the list. If you’re looking at further education, find out what schools you would be interested in attending. Reach out (email is best) to professors and students to find out what it’s really like beyond the smiling pictures from the university’s homepage. If you’re looking at employment, think about out what type of company you want to work for. Large, international companies often have a different culture then small, local companies. Government careers have different requirements than the private sector (as well as different benefits). Once you’ve limited your options, research specific companies with job opportunities you are qualified for. (Hint: Career fairs are perfect for this.) The third step involves applications and test preparation: many jobs and further education have pre-requisites. Whether it’s the GRE for graduate school or the LSATs for law school, most opportunities require students to take a standardized assessment. Even full-time engineering jobs aren’t exempt as some positions require the dreaded FE examination. The point is, do research. Find out what testing and coursework is required and make note of important dates. Research application deadlines – especially for graduate school. So let’s reassess. By now, you have written out a list of opportunities that your degree will offer. On that list, you have crossed out the career paths that you do not wish to pursue. For the few that are left, you have researched and generated an action plan. You have a planner (or online calendar) where you have written down the important test sign-up and application deadlines as well as the dates of the tests themselves. (Hint: if you get to choose a testing date, make sure you pick a date with enough time to prepare as well as enough time after to retake if necessary. Keep in mind academic obligations such as midterms and finals.) The final step is to follow through on your action plan! Get help when you need it. Cambridge Coaching’s great GRE tutors (or MCAT or LSAT or GMAT or†¦) and graduate school application coaches have been in exactly the same situation you find yourself in now. It’s worth the extra money in the long-term. If you begin your senior year organized, you’ll avoid slipping into the abyss that is senioritis. With a plan, you can succeed academically, get that dream position AND enjoy those happy hour specials. ;

Literary Criticism of The Namesake - 8108 Words

Gogols Namesake: Identity and Relationships in Jhumpa Lahiris The Namesake Author: Judith Caesar Allusions to Nikolai V. Gogol and his short story The Overcoat permeate Jhumpa Lahiris novel The Namesake, beginning with Gogols being the name the protagonist is called through most of the book. Yet few of the reviewers of the novel mentioned Nikolai Gogol at all in their discussions of the novel, except to describe the protagonist Gogols loathing of his name, or to quote without comment or explanation Dostoevskis famous line, We all came out of Gogols Overcoat. So far, no one has looked beyond the surfaces to examine the significance of the allusions to Gogol that are so much a part of the fabric of Lahiris novel. Without the†¦show more content†¦He becomes a new man, noticing women, for instance, when before he would forget where he was while crossing the street. As he is coming back from this uncharacteristic outing, his overcoat is stolen. When he reports the loss to a local dignitary (on his co-workers advice--no idea is his own), he is bullied and insulted for his temerity in approaching such an important person. Tellingly, the Very Important Person demands, Do you realize, sir, who you are talking to? (Gogol 263), as if he didnt know who he was himself, without its being reconfirmed by others fear of him. Exposed to the cold once again, the overcoatless Akaky then catches a fever and dies, but this is not the end of the story. Shortly after Akakys death, a living corpse who looks like Akaky begins haunting the same square in which Akaky was robbed, but this time as a stealer of overcoats rather than as a victim. One of this Akakys victims is the same Very Important Person who bu llied him, who had been mildly regretting his harshness, and who is now frightened into real repentance. The last we hear of Akaky and his ghost is when a policeman sees a burly man whom he takes to be the ghostly overcoat thief, accosts him, and finds instead a man who is clearly not Akaky, but may be the original thief who robbed him. Its a strange story, suggesting very non-American ideas about identity and the undesirability of having a fixed identity. The overcoat that Akaky buys atShow MoreRelatedHuck Finn Literary Criticism1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain portrays his main character and the novel’s namesake, a deeply complex individual, even as a child. He has obvious abandonment issues and continues to struggle with finding his place in society. Huck starts by trying to fit in with Tom and a band of young boys, but eventually finds true companionship in a slave named Jim. Huck continues in his struggles as his moral beliefs conflict with the moral beliefs of the society of his time. This conflict comes from Huck beingRead MoreThe Role of Women in Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay2493 Words   |  10 Pagesout of life (Joyce 434). They deliver the raw experience he transforms and refines into art. The key to understanding the relationship between women, sex, experience, and creation lies in Stephens association of himself with his mythological namesake, Daedalus. By establishing a link between himself and the ancient inventor, he makes apparent the parallel elements of their two stories -- punishment, falling, women -- and their relationship to his own artistic creation. Pasiphae, wife of KingRead MoreThe Spectrum Of Human Nature Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesBlair Hu Dr. Madon Literary Explorations III 25 October 2016 The Spectrum of Human Nature Iago, the main villain of William Shakespeare’s Othello, is a manipulative mastermind, able to weave an intricate web of lies that eventually leads to the death of the namesake of the play, Othello. Iago provides a multitude of rationales which explain his motivations for his deeds through sprawling soliloquies, such as the suspicion that Othello might be sleeping with his wife, Emilia, or that Othello deniesRead MoreEssay about Immortal Ideas In A Worn Path2029 Words   |  9 Pagesparticipate in their system (Moberly 123). Only after the nurse asks if her grandson is dead does she speak up and blame the silence on her old age, memory, and ignorance. She had to swallow her pride to get the medicine to protect her â€Å"mythological namesake† (Moberly 123). Phoenix knows how to handle herself in any situation due to her age, wisdom, and lifetimes of accumulated wisdom. On the surface Phoenix Jackson is making the hard trip into town to get medicine for her grandson who swallowedRead More Mythology and Archetypes in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird2536 Words   |  11 PagesMythology and Archetypes in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird      Ã‚  Ã‚   Of all the various approaches to criticism, the Mythological/Archetypal achieves the greatest impact over the entire literary scope, because the themes and patterns unearthed apply universally to all works, yielding results that can be applied to a great many texts. This is because the very nature of the Mythological/Archetypal approach is the exploration of the canon for widespread and pervading symbols, plots, andRead MoreOthello, The Shakespearean Tragedy Of Great Eclat2570 Words   |  11 Pagescaptured the recognition of many spectators, readers, and observers. Fascinated by the popular analysis, and multiplex of themes, ranging from jealousy and love, or perhaps honor and betrayal, Othello has become intrinsic to the way one lucubrates the literary and theatrical arts, and has become indispensible in understanding Shakespearean literature. However, taking the analysis further than the ostentatious front put on by Shakespeare, one can distinguish a more malig nant warrant to Othello s attractivenessRead More Use of Imagery in Jean Toomers Cane Essay2438 Words   |  10 PagesGeorgia Dusk captures the essence of that violence masked beneath a celebratory song of men finished with work and singing through the footpaths of the swamp (15). In quick succession Toomer gives us Fern and Esther, two stories whose namesakes further illuminate the problem of identity highlighted in images of dusk. Both are aloof and solitary figures, one existing for the sake of her beauty, the other forgotten and nearly invisible in her self-created world of obsession and fantasy (ChaseRead MoreTheodor Geisel2528 Words   |  11 Pagesconquer entire pages, and he realized graduate school was simply not for him. In the short time spent there, though, he met Helen Palmer, and fell in love. The two were married in 1927, and throughout their relationship she supported his artistic and literary career, and helped him create films and write books (21-27). Helen and Theodor Geisel moved to New York City, and Geisel’s career flourished there. His fist success was as a cartoonist for Judge magazine. Following a cartoon which jokingly featuredRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 Pagesturn-of-the-millennium terms. The London upper-class wife Clarissa Dalloway receiving illustrious guests in the evening is the model for Clarissa Vaughan giving a small party for her friend Richard, who has just won the Carrouthers Prize in recognition of his literary merits. It was also Richards idea to name her after a great figure in literature, Mrs. Dalloway, on the one hand, because of her existing first name and, on the other hand, because he thought that she was destined to charm, to prosper (10-11)Read MoreLiterary Analysis: Sweat by Zora Neale Hurston Essay1974 Words   |  8 Pagesback against her Grandmother for all of her rules. Although she means her no harm, the act itself is literally taking a dominant hand to her Grandmother. This act of empowerment proves that little Isis Watts is more than capable of living up to her namesake. The white couple brings another interesting twist to the story. Susan Meisenhelder finds the white couple’s response to Isis condescending, â€Å"blind to her internal aspirations and frustration they see her only as ‘Isis the Joyful’, the carefree

A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess and Brave New World...

A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley are both novels that deal with the theme of dystopia. Both novels depict societies in which mind control is used to create social stability. There are also individuals who rebel against this loss of freedom and identity. However, these individuals lose their fight for freedom because of unsuccessful escape methods, acts of violence and effective conditioning. Character in both novels use unsuccessful escape methods to cope with their loss of identity. Alex, the protagonist in A Clockwork Orange, turns to classical music such as Beethoven when his gang members question his hierarchy within the group. Alex describes his bedroom where he goes after an argument with his gang members : the little speakers of my stereo were all arranged round the room, on ceiling, walls, floor, so, lying on my bed slooshying the music, I was like netted and meshed in the orchestra. (Burgess. 37). We see Alex return to his bedroo m many times after confrontations where his identity is disputed. Eventually, Alex is conditioned to feel sick whenever he hears classical music so Alex loses this escape method as he can no longer listen to classical music. Also, Alex relies heavily on the use of drugs when he is unable to deal with his loss of identity, officially sanctioned milk bars that serve a variety of drug tonics to send one off on incoherent fantasies (Gottlieb). These milk bars are locations where youngShow MoreRelatedUsage And Knowledge Of Tools And Crafts1657 Words   |  7 PagesMany technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the c hallenge of traditional norms. Philosophical debates have arisen over the present

Our Town Essay Summary Example For Students

Our Town Essay Summary Our Town, by Thornton Wilder is a play that takes place in a small fictional town of Grovers Corner, New Hampshire; beginning in 1901 and ending in 1913. The play takes the audience through the cycles of life, with the purpose of getting a universal message stating that life shouldnt be taken for granted. Emily Webb, one of the most important characters in the play, is Wilders character in which he uses to show the audience a universal message that anyone would understand and relate to. Emily is a character that is normal enough so that the audience could relate to her; and yet be different in little ways that makes people love and adore her. For example, Emily went through the most common events in a womans life: marriage, childbirth, and death in the play. These cycles makes her common, thus relatable to the audience. Without going through common events in life, the character would seem distant and likeable to the audience. Similarly, when Emily said that she expects a man to be perfect, it makes her special. Wilder put in that scene because he believed that even though there is a basic image of an average person, to be truly average, the character must have a difference to separate the character from the crowd. If the character doesnt have any differences, then the character would be faceless; impossible for the character to take a major role in the play. Emily is portrayed uniquely in her own way, and yet is still within the boundaries of everyone else. The character Emily plays a crucial scene in the play, the part where Emily went back to her twelfth birthday. At first, Emily wanted to go back and relive the happiest day of her life, but Mrs. Gibbs stopped her and told her to visit a normal day instead. Mrs. Gibbs knew what would happen to Emily if she had relived a joyful day in her life. If Emily had went back to a special occasion, she wouldve been overwhelmed by the all the beauty that she didnt pay attention to. Therefore, Emily went to relive her twelfth birthday, but wasnt as happy as she thought she would have been. Emily couldnt understand why her own mother wouldnt even spare the time to look at her on her birthday. She then concluded that the living is ignorant and doesnt appreciate the small things that are in their lives every day. The character Emily is perfect just the way she is. If Wilder changed Emily, the universal message might not be as effective as it is now. Meaning that the audience wouldnt like the idea given from a character that is unlike them.

True hadiths and the fabricated ones

Introduction Muslims derive the laws that govern them from many sources. The Qur’an is the most important source of law for the Muslims, followed by the Hadith. Hadith is the compilation of the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad and his companions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on True hadiths and the fabricated ones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The companions were the students of Prophet Muhammad. These compilations have been passing down many generations up to the present. Many scholars have tried to expound on the hadith throughout history. Their writings have also been included in the hadith. However, some hadiths are not authentic because their writers either altered their original meanings or falsified some facts. This discussion therefore looks into the efforts of scholars in trying to distinguish between the true hadiths from the fabricated ones in order to prevent the Muslims from being misled . The Science of Hadith The hadith is divided into two parts. The first part includes the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad and his companions (matn) while the other part contains the chain of transmitters of the information from Prophet Muhammad through many generations (isnad). Muslims look at the chain of transmitters in determining what text are authentic. Each hadith has the text, the chain of reporters and the first sentence of the text (taraf). The hadith is classified by Muslims into four sections. The first consists of the statements of the Prophet Muhammad, the second includes his deeds, the third includes the deeds of the Prophet Muhammad’s companions, and the fourth contains Allah’s inspired words through Prophet Muhammad, which are not written in the Qur’an (Kamali 7). The science of the hadith involves the quest of hadith scholars to assess the narrations contained in the hadith in order to separate the true accounts from the ones that have been fabricated. The science of hadith enhances the understanding of the Qur’an by the Muslims.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a raging controversy on whether the hadith should continue being used as a source of religious instruction. Opponents of the hadith cite reasons like its inaccuracy and irrelevance in the modern setting. Authentication of the hadith was necessary as some hadiths contain misleading facts due to inaccuracy of the text, forgetfulness of some facts by the reporters and deceitfulness and fabrication of other texts. Since the days of Prophet Muhammad, authenticity of the hadith was a matter of great concern. For instance, Prophet Muhammad told the companions not to write down his teachings because he did not want people to confuse his words with those of Allah. Later the Prophet asked the companions to write down his teachings but emphasized on truthfulness and accuracy in their recordings (Hasan 23). When assessing the authenticity of the narrations of the hadith, the scholars examine various aspects. They examine the reference to a certain authority, the number of reporters involved in the narration, the memory strength and reliability of reporters, whether the links of isnad are interrupted or not, and the nature of the content and the isnad (Khan 40). Four categories of hadith can be derived when examining them according to the reference to a certain authority. The hadith that is a revelation from God is classified as divine or Qudsi while that which is a narration from Prophet Muhammad is termed as elevated or Marfu. A hadith that is a companion’s narration only is classified as stopped (or Mauquf) while that which is from a successor is referred to as severed or Maqtu. The successors were the students of the companions (Khan 43). When assessing the authenticity of the hadith according to the links of isnad, se veral categories are obtained. The first category is the Supported or Musnad, which refers to a hadith narrated by someone on the basis of the knowledge he gained from his teacher at a suitable learning time, and the chain of reporters proceed to a well known companion and finally to Prophet Muhammad. Another category is Continuous or Muttasil, which describes a hadith with an uninterrupted chain of reporters going back only to a companion or a successor. The hurried or Mursal hadith is one in which there is no link between the successor and the Prophet. The successor directly quotes the Prophet without the link of a companion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on True hadiths and the fabricated ones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A broken hadith or Munqati is one with a missing link before the successor. In a perplexing hadith or Muadal, the reporter does not include two or more successive reporters in the isnad. Another category is Muallaq or hanging hadith in which the reporter omits the whole chain of reporters and directly quotes the Prophet. He does not quote anyone else in the chain of reporters (Hasan 32). Another approach that the scholars use in determining the authenticity of the hadith is through examining the number of reporters at each stage of the isnad. From this assessment, the scholars have come up with five categories. The scholars classify a hadith as consecutive or Mutawatir if a very large number of people were involved in its reporting. The scholars assume that a large number of people is not capable of coming up with as consistent fabrication, and therefore that hadith is declared authentic. A hadith that is narrated by fewer reporters than the Mutawir is referred to as an isolated hadith or Ahad. Isolated hadiths can fall in three classes. The first one is Mash’hur or famous hadith, which is narrated by more than two reporters. A rare or strong hadith (Aziz) is narrated by only two reporters at any stage of the chain of reporters. A hadith that is narrated by only one reporter at any stage of the isnad is referred to as a strange hadith or Gharib. The fewer the reporters of a hadith, the less authentic it becomes (Hasan 37). In assessing the authenticity of the hadith according to the nature of the isnad and the text, two categories are derived. A denounced hadith or Munkar is used to refer to a hadith whose narrator is weak and the narration contradicts another hadith, which is considered authentic. An interpolated hadith or Mudraj is a narration that is an addition to the hadith being narrated (A’zami 49). The scholars also gauge the authenticity of a hadith based on the memory strength and reliability of the reporters. This procedure is used as the final test of whether a hadith should be declared authentic or not. From this assessment, four categories of hadiths are obtained. A hadith is termed to be sound or Sahih if its narra tor upholds his religion, has a reputation of reporting true narrations, fully understands what he is reporting without changing anything, and reports the exact words of the hadith. Moreover, the isnad of a sound hadith should be continuous, and the reporters at each stage of the chain should have a good reputation and strong memory. The text should also not have any inconsistencies or mistakes.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another category is a good hadith or Hasan. This is one whose reporters are clear and the source is known. A weak or Da’if hadith is one that does not meet the requirements of Hasan or good hadith. The reasons for the weakness of a hadith could be due to discontinuity or if one of the reporters has a negative reputation of either fabrication of ideas, differing with authentic sources or lacking clarity in his reporting. Another category is the Maudu or fabricated hadith. A hadith is termed as fabricated if the text is inconsistent with the known Prophet’s words or some of the reporters have a reputation of lying. A fabricated hadith will also have inconsistencies in the dates that certain well-known events took place. Such fabricated hadiths can mislead the Muslims and therefore should be identified and abandoned (Azizullah 37). Conclusion The science of hadith is concerned with examining the hadith and determining which ones are authentic and which are fabricated. The hadiths were passed down from Prophet Muhammad, to the companions, then the successors and other reporters through many generations and therefore, there is a possibility of distortion of the message. Therefore, scholars have used several methodologies to find out which hadiths are truly authentic and to discard the fabricated ones. Authentication of the hadiths is important because it prevents the Muslims from being misled by forged hadiths that give falsehoods and contradict the truth. Works Cited A’á ºâ€œami, Muá ¸ ¥ammad, Muá ¹ £Ã¡ ¹ ­afa. Studies In Hadith Methodology And Literature. USA: American Trust Publications, 1977. Print Azizullah, Muhammad. Glimpses of the Hadith. UK: Crescent Publications, 1973. Print Hasan, Suhaib. An introduction to the science of Hadith. Riyadh: Darussalam, 1996. Print Kamali, Mohammad, Hashim. A Textbook of á ¸ ¤adith Studies: Authenticity, Compilation, Classification, And Criticism Of á ¸ ¤adith. Great Britain: Islamic Foundation, 200 9. Print Khan, Israr, Ahmad. Authentication of Hadith: Redefining the Criteria. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2011. Print This essay on True hadiths and the fabricated ones was written and submitted by user Dulce Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.